Results for 'E. Newman George'

964 found
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  1. The essence of essentialism.George E. Newman & Joshua Knobe - 2019 - Mind and Language 34 (5):585-605.
    Over the past several decades, psychological essentialism has been an important topic of study, incorporating research from multiple areas of psychology, philosophy and linguistics. At its most basic level, essentialism is the tendency to represent certain concepts in terms of a deeper, unobservable property that is responsible for category membership. Originally, this concept was used to understand people’s reasoning about natural kind concepts, such as TIGER and WATER, but more recently, researchers have identified the emergence of essentialist-like intuitions in a (...)
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  2. Artworks are evaluated as extensions of their creators.George E. Newman & Rosanna K. Smith - 2018 - In Florian Cova & Sébastien Réhault (eds.), Advances in Experimental Philosophy of Aesthetics. London: Bloomsbury Academic.
     
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  3. Darwin and Development: Why ontogeny does not recapitualte phylogeny for human concepts.Frank Keil & George E. Newman - 2010 - In Denis Mareschal, Paul Quinn & Stephen E. G. Lea (eds.), The Making of Human Concepts. Oxford University Press.
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  4. Beliefs About the True Self Explain Asymmetries Based on Moral Judgment.George E. Newman, Julian De Freitas & Joshua Knobe - 2015 - Cognitive Science 39 (1):96-125.
    Past research has identified a number of asymmetries based on moral judgments. Beliefs about what a person values, whether a person is happy, whether a person has shown weakness of will, and whether a person deserves praise or blame seem to depend critically on whether participants themselves find the agent's behavior to be morally good or bad. To date, however, the origins of these asymmetries remain unknown. The present studies examine whether beliefs about an agent's “true self” explain these observed (...)
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  5.  76
    “End-of-life” biases in moral evaluations of others.George E. Newman, Kristi L. Lockhart & Frank C. Keil - 2010 - Cognition 115 (2):343-349.
  6. Consistent Belief in a Good True Self in Misanthropes and Three Interdependent Cultures.Julian De Freitas, Hagop Sarkissian, George E. Newman, Igor Grossmann, Felipe De Brigard, Andres Luco & Joshua Knobe - 2018 - Cognitive Science 42 (S1):134-160.
    People sometimes explain behavior by appealing to an essentialist concept of the self, often referred to as the true self. Existing studies suggest that people tend to believe that the true self is morally virtuous; that is deep inside, every person is motivated to behave in morally good ways. Is this belief particular to individuals with optimistic beliefs or people from Western cultures, or does it reflect a widely held cognitive bias in how people understand the self? To address this (...)
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  7. Are Artworks More Like People Than Artifacts? Individual Concepts and Their Extensions.George E. Newman, Daniel M. Bartels & Rosanna K. Smith - 2014 - Topics in Cognitive Science 6 (4):647-662.
    This paper examines people's reasoning about identity continuity and its relation to previous research on how people value one-of-a-kind artifacts, such as artwork. We propose that judgments about the continuity of artworks are related to judgments about the continuity of individual persons because art objects are seen as physical extensions of their creators. We report a reanalysis of previous data and the results of two new empirical studies that test this hypothesis. The first study demonstrates that the mere categorization of (...)
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  8.  48
    An Essentialist Account of Authenticity.George E. Newman - 2016 - Journal of Cognition and Culture 16 (3-4):294-321.
    The concept of authenticity is central to how people value many different types of objects and yet there is considerable disagreement about how individuals evaluate authenticity or how the concept itself should be defined. This paper attempts to reconcile previous approaches by proposing a novel view of authenticity. Specifically, I draw upon past research on psychological essentialism and propose that when people evaluate the authenticity of objects, they do so by evaluating the extent to which the object embodies or reflects (...)
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  9.  52
    Where's the essence? Developmental shifts in children's beliefs about internal features.George E. Newman & Frank C. Keil - unknown
    The present studies investigated children’s and adults’ intuitive beliefs about the physical nature of essences. Adults and children (ranging in age from 6 to 10 years old) were asked to reason about two different ways of determining an unknown object’s category: taking a tiny internal sample from any part of the object (distributed view of essence), or taking a sample from one specific region (localized view of essence). Results from three studies indicated that adults strongly endorsed the distributed view, and (...)
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  10. Kinds of Authenticity.George E. Newman & Rosanna K. Smith - 2016 - Philosophy Compass 11 (10):609-618.
    The concept of authenticity plays an important role in how people reason about objects, other people, and themselves. However, despite a great deal of academic interest in this concept, to date, the precise meaning of the term, authenticity, has remained somewhat elusive. This paper reviews the various definitions of authenticity that have been proposed in the literature and identifies areas of convergence. We then outline a novel framework that organizes the existing definitions of authenticity along two key dimensions: describing the (...)
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  11.  83
    Beliefs in afterlife as a by-product of persistence judgments.E. Newman George, V. Blok Sergey & J. Rips Lance - 2006 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 29 (5):481.
    We agree that supernatural beliefs are pervasive. However, we propose a more general account rooted in how people trace ordinary objects over time. Tracking identity involves attending to the causal history of an object, a process that may implicate hidden mechanisms. We discuss experiments in which participants exhibit the same “supernatural” beliefs when reasoning about the fates of cups and automobiles as those exhibited by Bering's participants when reasoning about spirits.
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  12.  26
    The need to belong motivates demand for authentic objects.George E. Newman & Rosanna K. Smith - 2016 - Cognition 156:129-134.
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  13.  41
    The duality of art: Body and soul.George E. Newman - 2013 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 36 (2):153 - 153.
    Bullot & Reber (B&R) make a strong case for the role of causal reasoning in the appreciation of artwork. Although I agree that an artistic design stance is important for art appreciation, I suggest that it is a subset of a more general framework for evaluating artworks as the causal extensions of individuals, which includes inferences about the creator's mind, as well as more physical notions of essence.
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  14.  5
    Sad Art Gives Voice to Our Own Sadness.Tara Venkatesan, Mario Attie-Picker, George E. Newman & Joshua Knobe - 2025 - Cognitive Science 49 (1):e70034.
    People tend to show greater liking for expressions of sadness when these expressions are described as art. Why does this effect arise? One obvious hypothesis would be that describing something as art makes people more likely to regard it as fictional, and people prefer expressions of sadness that are not real. We contrast this obvious hypothesis with a hypothesis derived from the philosophical literature. In this alternative hypothesis, describing something as art makes people more inclined to appropriate it, that is, (...)
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  15. Water is and is not H 2 O.Kevin P. Tobia, George E. Newman & Joshua Knobe - 2019 - Mind and Language 35 (2):183-208.
    The Twin Earth thought experiment invites us to consider a liquid that has all of the superficial properties associated with water (clear, potable, etc.) but has entirely different deeper causal properties (composed of “XYZ” rather than of H2O). Although this thought experiment was originally introduced to illuminate questions in the theory of reference, it has also played a crucial role in empirically informed debates within the philosophy of psychology about people’s ordinary natural kind concepts. Those debates have sought to accommodate (...)
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  16.  25
    Order, Order Everywhere, and Only an Agent to Think: The Cognitive Compulsion to Infer Intentional Agents.Frank C. Keil & George E. Newman - 2015 - Mind and Language 30 (2):117-139.
    Several studies demonstrate that an intuitive link between agents and order emerges within the first year of life. This appreciation seems importantly related to similar forms of inference, such as the Argument from Design. We suggest, however, that infants and young children may be more accurate in their tendencies to infer agents from order than older children and adults, who often infer intentional agents when there are none. Thus, the earliest inferences about intentional agents based on order may be quite (...)
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  17.  26
    Potential: The valuation of imagined future achievement.T. Andrew Poehlman & George E. Newman - 2014 - Cognition 130 (1):134-139.
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  18.  41
    Out of sorts? Some remedies for theories of object concepts: A reply to Rhemtulla and Xu (2007).Sergey V. Blok, George E. Newman & Lance J. Rips - 2007 - Psychological Review 114 (4):1096-1102.
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  19.  16
    Darwin and development: Why ontogeny does not recapitulate phylogeny for human concepts.Frank C. Keil & George E. Newman - 2010 - In Denis Mareschal, Paul Quinn & Stephen E. G. Lea (eds.), The Making of Human Concepts. Oxford University Press. pp. 317.
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  20. On the Value of Sad Music.Mario Attie-Picker, Tara Venkatesan, George E. Newman & Joshua Knobe - 2024 - The Journal of Aesthetic Education 58 (1):46-65.
    Many people appear to attach great value to sad music. But why? One way to gain insight into this question is to turn away from music and look instead at why people value sad conversations. In the case of conversations, the answer seems to be that expressing sadness creates a sense of genuine connection. We propose that sad music can also have this type of value. Listening to a sad song can give one a sense of genuine connection. We then (...)
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  21.  27
    Postscript: Sorting out object persistence.Sergey V. Blok, George E. Newman & Lance J. Rips - 2007 - Psychological Review 114 (4):1103-1104.
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  22. Dual character concepts and the normative dimension of conceptual representation.Joshua Knobe, Sandeep Prasada & George Newman - 2013 - Cognition 127 (2):242-257.
    Five experiments provide evidence for a class of ‘dual character concepts.’ Dual character concepts characterize their members in terms of both (a) a set of concrete features and (b) the abstract values that these features serve to realize. As such, these concepts provide two bases for evaluating category members and two different criteria for category membership. Experiment 1 provides support for the notion that dual character concepts have two bases for evaluation. Experiments 2-4 explore the claim that dual character concepts (...)
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  23. Normative Judgments and Individual Essence.Julian De Freitas, Kevin P. Tobia, George E. Newman & Joshua Knobe - 2017 - Cognitive Science 41 (S3):382-402.
    A growing body of research has examined how people judge the persistence of identity over time—that is, how they decide that a particular individual is the same entity from one time to the next. While a great deal of progress has been made in understanding the types of features that people typically consider when making such judgments, to date, existing work has not explored how these judgments may be shaped by normative considerations. The present studies demonstrate that normative beliefs do (...)
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  24.  1
    Choice and self: how synchronic and diachronic identity shape choices and decision making.Oleg Urminsky, Daniel M. Bartels, Paola Giuliano, George E. Newman, Stefano Puntoni & Lance Rips - 2014 - Marketing Letters 25 (3):281-291.
  25.  51
    System-justifying motives can lead to both the acceptance and the rejection of innate explanations for group differences.Eric Luis Uhlmann, Luke Zhu, Victoria L. Brescoll & George E. Newman - 2014 - Behavioral and Brain Sciences 37 (5):503-504.
    Recent experimental evidence indicates that intuitions about inherence and system justification are distinct psychological processes, and that the inherence heuristic supplies important explanatory frameworks that are accepted or rejected based on their consistency with one's motivation to justify the system.
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  26.  55
    Tracing the identity of objects.Lance J. Rips, Sergey Blok & George Newman - 2006 - Psychological Review 113 (1):1-30.
    This article considers how people judge the identity of objects (e.g., how people decide that a description of an object at one time, t₀, belongs to the same object as a description of it at another time, t₁). The authors propose a causal continuer model for these judgments, based on an earlier theory by Nozick (1981). According to this model, the 2 descriptions belong to the same object if (a) the object at t₁ is among those that are causally close (...)
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  27.  88
    Sad Art Gives Voice to Our Own Sadness.Tara Venkatesan, Mario Attie-Picker, George Newman & Joshua Knobe - forthcoming - Cognitive Science.
    People tend to show greater liking for expressions of sadness when these expressions are described as art. Why does this effect arise? One obvious hypothesis would be that describing something as art makes people more likely to regard it as fictional, and people prefer expressions of sadness that are not real. We contrast this obvious hypothesis with a hypothesis derived from the philosophical literature. On this alternative hypothesis, describing something as art makes people more inclined to appropriate it, i.e., to (...)
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  28.  90
    Value-based Essentialism: Essentialist Beliefs about Social Groups with Shared Values.April Bailey, Joshua Knobe & Newman George - forthcoming - Journal of Experimental Psychology: General.
    Psychological essentialism has played an important role in social psychology, informing influential theories of stereotyping and prejudice as well as questions about wrongdoers’ accountability and their ability to change. In the existing literature, essentialism is often tied to beliefs in shared biology—i.e., the extent to which members of a social group are seen as having the same underlying biological features. Here we investigate the possibility of “value-based essentialism” in which people think of certain social groups in terms of an underlying (...)
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  29.  27
    The initial stages of growth of oriented copper nuclei on single crystal surfaces of silver.E. Grunbaum, R. C. Newman & D. W. Pashley - 1958 - Philosophical Magazine 3 (36):1337-1341.
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  30. The true self: A psychological concept distinct from the self.Nina Strohminger, Joshua Knobe & George Newman - 2017 - Perspectives on Psychological Science 12 (4):551-560.
    A long tradition of psychological research has explored the distinction between characteristics that are part of the self and those that lie outside of it. Recently, a surge of research has begun examining a further distinction. Even among characteristics that are internal to the self, people pick out a subset as belonging to the true self. These factors are judged as making people who they really are, deep down. In this paper, we introduce the concept of the true self and (...)
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  31.  64
    Disinhibitory psychopathology: A new perspective and a model for research.Ethan E. Gorenstein & Joseph P. Newman - 1980 - Psychological Review 87 (3):301-315.
  32.  44
    Improving informed consent: Stakeholder views.Emily E. Anderson, Susan B. Newman & Alicia K. Matthews - 2017 - AJOB Empirical Bioethics 8 (3):178-188.
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  33. Le théorème de Gödei.E. Nagel, J. R. Newman, K. Gödel, J. Y. Girard & J. Scherrer - 1990 - Revue Philosophique de la France Et de l'Etranger 180 (4):706-708.
     
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  34.  44
    Precis of defending biodiversity.Stefan Linquist, Gary Varner & Jonathan E. Newman - 2020 - Biology and Philosophy 35 (1):1-4.
    Why should governments or individuals invest time and resources in conserving biodiversity? A popular answer is that biodiversity has both instrumental value for humans and intrinsic value in its own right. Defending Biodiversity critically evaluates familiar arguments for these claims and finds that, at best, they provide good reasons for conserving particular species or regions. However, they fail to provide a strong justification for conserving biodiversity per se. Hence, either environmentalists must develop more compelling arguments for conserving biodiversity or else (...)
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  35.  17
    Clinicians' perspectives on the duty of candour: Implications for medical ethics education.George E. Fowler & Pirashanthie Vivekananda-Schmidt - 2017 - Clinical Ethics 12 (4):167-173.
    ContentTruth-telling is an integral part of medical practice in many parts of the world. However, recent public inquiries, including the Francis Inquiry reveal that a duty of candour in practise, are at times compromised. Consequently, the duty of candour became a statutory requirement in England. This study aimed to explore clinicians’ perspectives of the implications of the legislation for medical ethics education, as raising standards to improve patient safety remains an international concern.MethodsOne-to-one interviews with clinical educators from various specialties who (...)
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  36. Late Medieval and Early Modern Corpuscular Matter Theones.Christoph Lüthy, John E. Murdoch & William R. Newman - 2002 - Tijdschrift Voor Filosofie 64 (3):565-566.
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  37. The ambitions of theory work in the production of contemporary anthropological research.George E. Marcus - 2015 - In Dominic Boyer, James D. Faubion & George E. Marcus (eds.), Theory can be more than it used to be: learning anthropology's method in a time of transition. London: Cornell University Press.
     
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  38.  60
    The Works of George Berkeley.J. E. C., George Berkeley & Alexander Campbell Fraser - 1902 - Philosophical Review 11:97.
  39.  8
    The Pope and the Possibilities of the Path Less Traveled.George E. Hardart - 2020 - Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 63 (3):544-548.
    Pope Francis’s Address to the participants of the conference “Yes to Life! Taking Care of the Precious Gift of Life in its Frailty” that was held at the Vatican in May 2019 powerfully touches on multiple important aspects of the care of children experiencing “extreme frailty.” It is a deeply moral account of the challenges that health-care providers, families, and patients confront in the technologically sophisticated and confusing world of modern medicine, particularly when seen through the prism of what he (...)
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  40.  41
    The forgetting of 'crowded' and 'isolated' materials.C. E. Buxton & E. B. Newman - 1940 - Journal of Experimental Psychology 26 (2):180.
  41. The structure of concrete.A. E. Brooks & K. Newman - 1968 - In Peter Koestenbaum (ed.), Proceedings. [San Jose? Calif.,: [San Jose? Calif..
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  42.  32
    (1 other version)Structures of Subjectivity: Explorations in Psychoanalytic Phenomenology and Contextualism.George E. Atwood & Robert D. Stolorow - 2014 - New York: Routledge. Edited by Robert D. Stolorow.
    Structures of Subjectivity: Explorations in Psychoanalytic Phenomenology and Contextualism, is a revised and expanded second edition of a work first published in 1984, which was the first systematic presentation of the intersubjective viewpoint – what George Atwood and Robert Stolorow called psychoanalytic phenomenology – in psychoanalysis. This edition contains new chapters tracing the further development of their thinking over the ensuing decades and explores the personal origins of their most essential ideas. In this new edition, Atwood and Stolorow cover (...)
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  43.  25
    An Examination of the Argument from Theology to Ethics.George E. Hughes - 1947 - Philosophy 22 (81):3 - 24.
    It is not infrequently said that the true justification of moral beliefs lies in theology. I wish here to examine precisely what is meant by this contention, and by what arguments, if any, it can be substantiated. The view I am examining is not that the only valid reason for doing what is right is a theological reason ; as if we could know independently of theology what was right, but required a theological motive to make it reasonable to do (...)
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  44.  66
    New books. [REVIEW]George E. Hughes - 1949 - Mind 58 (230):260-b-261.
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  45.  51
    Concurrent processing demands and the experience of time-in-passing.R. E. Hicks, George W. Miller, G. Gaes & K. Bierman - 1977 - American Journal of Psychology 90:431-46.
  46. A Friend's Impressions'.C. E. Osborne & George Tyrrell - 1910 - Hibbert Journal 8:253-63.
  47.  11
    The American Drama. [REVIEW]George E. Grauel - 1941 - Thought: Fordham University Quarterly 16 (3):551-553.
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  48.  34
    The Negative Effect of Low Belonging on Consumer Responses to Sustainable Products.Ainslie E. Schultz, Kevin P. Newman & Scott A. Wright - 2022 - Journal of Business Ethics 187 (3):473-492.
    Sustainable products are engineered to reduce environmental, ecological, and human costs of consumption. Not all consumers value sustainable products, however, and this poses negative societal implications. Using self-expansion theory as a guide, we explore how an individual’s general sense of belonging—or the perception that one is accepted and valued by others in the broader social world—alters their responses to sustainable products. Five experimental studies and a field study demonstrate that individuals lower in belonging respond less favorably to sustainable products in (...)
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  49.  8
    Foreigners in Formosa, 1841-1874.John E. Wills & George Williams Carrington - 1981 - Journal of the American Oriental Society 101 (4):426.
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  50.  58
    Factor analysis of meaning.Charles E. Osgood & George J. Suci - 1955 - Journal of Experimental Psychology 50 (5):325.
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